Electrical measuring instrument



R. D. EVANS ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT Sept. 1-1, 1928. 1,684,056

Filed Sept. 10, 1924 2 AA 'AAL S 53 /4 INVENTOR WITNESSES:

Faber/0. [V 7 ATTORNEY checking the valueof the impedance of-thiswinding.

Patented Septjll,

UNITED v STATES; PATENT off-"rice.

ROBERT DAVID EvANsor wIL INsBUne; PENNSYLVANIA, Assrenon TO WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC amnnorecrumive COMPANY, A CORPORATION or PENNSYL- VALN'IA.

Q ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

Application filedSeptember 10, 1924. Serial in. 736,842.

quence component of a poly'phase' quantity,

such as current or voltage.

One object of my inventionis toprovide an instrument of the above-mentioned character in which the "accuracy of theindications thereof may be readily checked.

Another object of my invention is to provide an electrical instrument having a windingof definite. impedance and 7 means for In practicing my invention, I provide means, such, for example, as. a statlc network similar to that disclosed in my prior.

Patent No. 1,535,587, dated April28th, 1925, for segregating the positiveand negativesequence components of current, voltage or power in a polyphase circuit-. An electroresponsive device is. -connected in serieswith the conductors .ot'the network and circuit., closing devlces are provided for altermgthe connectlons of the network n such amanner that the accuracy of the instrument may "be checked wheneverit is desired. In the accompanying drawings, 7

Figure 1 isa diagrammatic view of aminstrument embodying my invention for ,obtaining either the posltiveor the n'egat1ve-,

sequence component ofvoltage; and

Fig. 2 is a similarview' of an instrument for indicating either the positive or the n egative -sequence ,-comp'one nt of current.

.Referring to Fig. 1, 1, 2, and 3 arethe conductors of a- .three-phase circuit connecting a generator to a load (not shown). 7 The generator may produce an unbalanced voltage or the load may cause anunbalanced current to traverse the'circuit. The modifica- I tion of myinventlon shown in-this figureis responsive to the unbalanced voltage condition. An electro-responsive device 4 is connected to the three-phase circuit. static network comprising variable resistors '55 and 6 and areactor 7 is associated with the electro-responsive devicej l. The variable resistor 5 is connected between the device 4 and one of the conductors of the circuit.

The variable resistor 6 and the reactor 7 are connected between the device Land an- I voltage.

other of the conductors of the-circuit." A

reversing switch 8 is adapted to reverse the connections ofthe conductors 1 and 2 to the static network comprising the impedances 5," 6 and 7. Other circuit-closing devices 9, 10 and 11 are-providcd'for the purpose of further altering the connection of the impedances 5,6 and 7, to the electro-responsive device 4 and the circuit. An adjustable, resistor 12 shunts the electro-responsive device 4; in order to change the ratio thereof in order that the deflection of the instrument will correspond to the actual voltagesfexisting on the conductors 1, 2 and 3.

The current through the resistor 5 is substantially in phase with the applied voltage, whereas the current through the resistor 6 and the reactor 7 lags 60 behind the applied As set forth'in; my prior patentreferred to above, on account of the relative impedances of the branches of the network between the electro-responsive device land the circuit the electro-respons'ive device "is actuated inaaccordance with either the positive or the negative-sequence component of voltage depending upon the position of the switch 8 and the phase-rotation of the conductors'l, 2 and The negative se'queuce component ofvo'ltage provides an indication of the degree of unbalance of the circuit.

' .In; order to wtunction properly, the ratio of the impedances connecteditothe conduc tors 1 and 2.,must' have'a certain value;

Sincethe reactance of thereactor 7 varies w with changes of frequency, I have providedmeans for checking the ratio ofthe' imped ancesconnected to the electro-responsive de-.

vice 4:. Vhenit is desired to check the ac-.. curacy of the meter, the switch 9 is actuated to a position opposite tot-hat shown and the deflection .ot the instrument 4 is noted.

Then while the load on the circuit. is maintained constant, the switches 10 and 11-are alternately opened and the readings ot'the' instrument 4: again noted.

If the relative impedances of the two branches of the network have thenproper relation, the last ,two readings are vequal and thefirst readingis times either of the latter readings. It the readings do not ,tained and the instrument 4 gives accurate have this relation,-the resistors 5 and 6 may. i be adjusted until the proper ratio is ob.-.

i the branches of the network ire of such magnitude and character. that the scalars indications oi the symmetricalconiponents of voltage. If the deflection of the instrument at does not agree with the scale of said instrument, the resistor 12 may be adjusted until the proper calibration is obtained.

The, theory of operzitron s 'as tollows:

Forth 'urider'st'endin of the renewin i e c mhheheueai equations end their meshing, reference may be had to e paper on the Theory of symmetrical coorcllnates in the Journal of the American Institute of Elees trical Engineers by C. LeG. Fortescue, publishedin 1918. 1

,Assi1nring an "unbalanced threephase cir-, cuit we may represent the voltages between conchmtors 1 2 and 3 as E E and E "Let "E E and E represent the'symmetr'ic'hl voltage components of'zero, positive and negative phase-sequence respectively. v h ntre wn-mi 'afid n; meante zinc Since Ea, E and of. vectors 'E E E- 0 Therefore, E 0

and I The instrument t is actuh-ted in accord ance with the current'traversmg its windmg's; i

Therefore, if the impedance connected in value of. the impedance in one branch is eq'uztl 'to-that-in the other brtri'cluzthe' current in one branch resulting from E, and the current. in theotherbmhch result ng from E Iags'GO behind E ythe'd'eflection of the nieten if connected in series with both brii'nches of the network as shown is pr0- pdrtional jto E ',rtlie positive phise-sequence component.

The relation"oitithe'impedences iii the network maybe checked by the switches 9, l0 and 11 as described. We may represent the v resistance of the resistor '5 by R, the resistance of theresistor 6 by rand-the ree'ctance ofthe reactor 7 x; I v

Since the inet'er reading is the shinewith theresistor 5'connectiecl in circuit as with the resistor 6 and the reactor 7 in circuit, the

abs'olut'e values ofR and the complex'quentityr-hja: are "equal. 7

E form a closed triangle But according to equation (1),the values of the resistor 6 and thereector 7 ,should also be suchas toLprodii'c'e phase displace- By comperingequation withequation (1), it becomes apparent that the reversal of the connection of the iinp'els'nces '5, 6 and 7 causes a current to traverse the 'meter that is proportional to the negative instead out the positive phase-sequence component s In Fig. 2, I have shown a modification ofmy invention "for obtaining the positive or the negative phase-sequence components of current. Y

Two series or current trensio'riners 13ZIi1l 14 are connected 'inseries:with the'eonduc-W tors '2 and3 of thecircuit An instrument 15 is connected to x the current transformers 13 end through'e static net-workscompris in}; variable resistors 16 ahd 17 and a re actor 18 for thepurpose of-segregating the symmetrical "components 'of current-.1 V

Two circuit-closing devices 19 and-:20 connected betweenithe trztnsforme'rs l3 and 14' and the network; I The circuiteclosing 'devices 19mm *20 each comprisesthree-contact are" segments 21,- .22 and H When the circuit-tn closing tlevices'19' and' 20s stre adjusted to complete "circuit" from the current transformers through the; 1 se ments g 21,- the elehtro'-respon'sive-= device 7 I5 is actuated in aocordence 'with'the' positive phasesequenee component I of current, assuming. that the hase-rotation in' the "three phzis'e 'JciICIlit is.

in'the proper "direction; When the "circuitclosing'devic'es IQ'IIIld'QO are ndjusted'to complete a- 'eircuit'thrqugh the segments '23; the elec'tro r'espoh's'i-ve device, 15 actuated in accordance "with the "negative-phase sequence component of current;

mediate. segments '22 short ciicuit the eurrent transformers *and- 14 while the one extreme position totheother.

In order to heck the ratio ofthe'iin pe'dancesin the two brzinches "of the static switches 19 and 20 erebeh g'opereted from I network, the switchF19 .i's actuated to close a circuit through -a'se g inuent21'11nd the switch is 'ae't-uatedgto close a circuit The inter 7 through the segment 22. The reading of the instrument 15 is noted and, while the load on the circuit is kept constant, the switch 19 is moved into engagement with segment 28 and the reading again noted.'

the first readings. This result may be proven mathematically 1n a manner similar to that given above in connection with Fig. 1. If desired, a shunt resistor 2& may be employed in connection with the instrument 15 in order to correct the ratio thereof.

While I have shown and described my invention in connection with an unbalanced three-phase circuit it is not so limited but may be employed in connection with any polyphase circuit. If desired, the external impedances 5, 6 and 7 and the circuit-closing devices employed in connection with the elecro-responsive element of the meter may be combined in a single unitary structure adapted for portable use. I consider that my invention is particularly applicable to such use because of the ease with which the accuracy of the meter may be checked when it is used under varying conditions.

I claim as my invention:

1. An instrument comprising an electro responsive device, a plurality of impedances associated therewith, and means including a switch for so altering the connection of said impedances to said device that the operation of said device indicates the ratios of said impedances.

2. An instrument comprising an electroresponsive device, means including a plurality of impedances for actuating said device in accordance with a negative-sequence component of an unbalanced polyphase quantity and means including said device for checking the ratios of said impedances.

,3. An instrument comprising an electroresponsive element, reactive and resistivewindings connected thereto having a constant impedance ratio, and means including a switch for checking the ratio of said windings by comparing the readings of said electro-responsive element under difl'erent conditions.

4. In combination with a polyphase circuit, an electro-responsive device connected to the circuit, impedances in the circuit connections that are so proportioned that said device is actuated in accordance with a symmetrical component of a quantity of said tember, 1924.

ROBERT D. EVANS.

' circuit and circuit-closing devices for altermg the connections of said impedances to 

